Part 1:
Pioneers and Technology
Zoetrope- The zoetrope was originally invented by William George Horner in 1834-1835 and was originally called Daedlum ("wheel of the devil"). The zoetrope was based on Plateau's phenakistoscope, but was more convenient as it did not require a mirror to view the optical illusion and allowed more than one person to use it at the same time. Horner's invention strangely became forgotten for nearly thirty years until 1867, when it became patented in England by M. Bradley, and in America by William F. Lincoln. Lincoln renamed the Daedalum, deciding to cal it a "zoetrope," which is Greek for "wheel of life." which at the time would have been a more politically correct term for an optical toy.How a zoetrope works in fairly simple, a Zoetrope is a drum which inside contains a sequence of hand drawn images on a line of paper, when spun the optical toy spins the line of paper around creating a sense that the images are moving or as it is otherwise known as an "optical illusion"
Thaumatrope- The Thaumatrope which names translates as "turning Marvel" or "wonder turner" has originally been credited to the English Polymath,mathematician, astronomer, inventor,chemist and experimental photographer Sir John Frederick William Herschel. However, as for the Zoetrope, it wasn't until someone else, in this case physicist DR.John A.Paris who made the optical toy popular. Thaumatrope is, essentially a small disc of,usually paper held together on both sides by two pieces of rope which when spun create an optical illusion
Praxinoscope- The Praxinoscope was invented in 1877 by Frenchman Charles Reynaud and was the first optical toy to overcome picture distortion caused by viewing moving slots which meant the image produced was more focused and crisper than original optical toys such as the Zoetrope, which it quickly replaced in popularity. The way a Praxinoscope worked was far more complex than the Zoetrope, as it required mirrors to view the illusion rather than a viewing slot, How a Praxinoscope works is very similar to a zoetrope in the sense that it a a drum containing inside images than when spun creates an optical illusion however with a praxinoscope each picture is reflected by an inner set of mirrors which creates a better, clearer optical illusion than previous optical images, such as the zoetrope
Kineticscope- The kinetoscope is a optical toy designed by Thomas Edison and William Dickson, in the sense that Thomas Edison has the concept for the contraption whereas it was William Dickson, his employee, who actually designed the device over the course of three years (1889-1892). the invention itself was designed to create an optical illusion of movement by showing a strip of film being conveyed over a light with a high speed shutter (a film essentially). it was observed by one person at a time through an observation hole at the top of the device and it became the foundation for what would later become cinematic projection.
Part 2: Developers
George Pal- (1908-1980) Hungarian Animator and film producer, was nominated for 7 academy awards over 7 consecutive years and received an academy honorary award in 1944. Examples of his work include:
The time machine
Sweet Pacific
Tulips shall grow
Willis O' Brien- (1886- 1962) An American motion picture special effects and stop motion animation pioneer, who won the 1950 Academy Award for best visual effects for his owrk on Mighty Joe Young (1949) Examples of his work include:
Godzilla vs King Kong (1962)
The Dinosaur and The missing link, a prehistoric Tragedy (1917)
The Ghost Of Slumber Mountain (1919)
Ray Harryhausen- (1920-2013) An American visual effects creator, writer, and producer who created a form of stop-motion model animation known as Dynamation. Examples of his work include:
Jason And The Argonauts (1963)
Clash Of the Titans (1981)
8
The 7th Voyage Of Sinbad (1958)
Phil Tippett (1951- ) Phil Tippett is an American movie director and a visual effects supervisor and producer, who specializes in creature design and character animation. Examples of his work include:
Robocop (1987)
Battleship Troopers (1997)
Star Wars IV: A New Hope
Otmar Gutmann (1937-1993)
Otmar Gutmann was a German television producer animator and director who was probably best known for his work on Pingu examples of his
work include:
Pingu (1986-)
Tim Burton (1958-)
Tim Burton is an American film director, producer, artist writer and animator who has so far been nominated for two oscars. he is known for such projects as directing and writing Edward Scissorhands (1999). Directing Batman Returns (1992) and writing and directing the corpse's Bride (2005) which earned him one of his oscar nominations, examples of his work include:
The Corpses Bride (2005)
Henry Selick (1952-)
Henry Selick is a director, actor and writer who has been nominated for one oscar. he is best known for directing writing the animated fantasy film Coraline (2009) which earned him his oscar nod and for directing the Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) Examples of his work include:
The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
Adam Shaheen (1964-)
Adam Shaheen is a British-Canadian animator, television producer and screenwriter. He is the founder and owner of Cuppa Coffee Studios where he develops and produces all original programming. Examples of his work include:
celebrity death match (2003)
A very Barry Christmas (2005)
The Quay brothers
Steven quay and timothy quay were born in a small town just outside Philadelphia with a large eastern European population which sparked their interest in eastern European culture which of course can be seen throughout there work which mostly consists of animated short films, example of their work include:
Street of Crocodiles (1986)
are we still married yet? (1993)
Nick Park
Nick Park (1958-) is an English producer, writer and animator born in Preston, Lancashire, he is best known for his work on the animated films about a man and his dog otherwise known as Wallace and Gromit. examples of his work include:
Wallace and Gromit: the curse of the Were Rabbit (2005)
Chicken run (2000)
The wrong Trousers (1993)
Examples of stop motion animation in music videos:
These are music videos aimed at individuals who would most fit into category E most likely because they are students who are still in education (university, college etc) and are most likely to only be employed part time. this puts them in the in the age category of 13-25 they are target in that audience for their quirky, unique style appealing to impressionable people who have not seen or known of music videos like this which is why is appeals to young people in terms of its unique appeal and its impact on impressionable minds. The white stripes to are a alternative band which coincides more with the individual target audience as individuals are often hard to classify which gives the impression they are outcasts of mainstream interests, so for an outcast to enjoy to a non-mainstream band seems likely
Examples of feature films to use stop motion animation
these feature films most likely appeal to mainstreams/individual in the E category for class as they are too young to work, at the age of 5-12. the reasons these feature films appeal to young mainstreams is because of there mass appeal, slapstick humor and easy to follow narrative plot and funny lovable, characters, making these feature films ideal for young children or familys
Examples of stop motion animation in advertisement
These adverts are aimed at most likely suceeders or admirers people who are most likely rich and who want luxury item which naturally puts them in A/B class ,The reason these adverts appeal to that category is that they look very professional because people are aware of how time consuming and incredibly difficult it is to make well flowing and interesting stop motion animation. it implies professionalism and that the product(s) are of high quality as people will make the connection between the advert and the product they are trying to sell, if the advert is professional and of high quality then it is most likely the product would be the same.
Examples of stop motion animation in TV shows
These TV shows are most likely aimed at Individuals and main-streamers for its funny content easy to understand plots and narrative and universal humor. its target audience would most likely be those categories because the main purpose for these films is to entertain and amuse and comedy is best received by the masses in its simplest form attracting a wider audience increase the shows popularity rendering the show a greater success this is why its target audiences are most likely young children or middle class families because the shows can be entertaining to both. without boring either group.
Examples of Ident in stop motion animation
these Idents are aimed at Main streamers because of their
sources: http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit11.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetoscope
http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit06.htm
http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit10.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_H._O%27Brien
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Burton
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000318/?ref_=nv_sr_2 http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0366069/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0349642/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0864138/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0783139/?ref_=nv_sr_2
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0703028/?ref_=nmbio_bio_nm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNOfsJz4TjA
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